11 February: International Day of Women and Girls in Science
Origin of the Day
The International Day of Women and Girls in Science is observed each year on 11 February. This day was officially established by the United Nations General Assembly through resolution A/RES/70/212, with the aim of promoting full and equal access to, and participation in, science for women and girls. By marking this day, the global community recognizes the crucial contributions of women and girls in science and technology, and underscores the importance of achieving gender equality in these fields.
Science and Gender Equality
Both science and gender equality are fundamental to achieving the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and other global development goals. Over the past 15 years, international efforts have sought to increase the participation of women and girls in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). Despite this progress, significant barriers remain that hinder their full involvement in scientific disciplines.
Currently, women make up less than 30% of researchers worldwide. According to UNESCO (2014–2016), only about 30% of female students select STEM-related fields in higher education. Enrollment rates for women are especially low in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) at 3%, natural sciences, mathematics, and statistics at 5%, and engineering, manufacturing, and construction at 8%. These figures highlight a persistent gender gap that must be addressed through targeted policies and initiatives.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic
The COVID-19 pandemic has spotlighted the essential contributions of women researchers at every stage of the global response. From advancing scientific understanding of the virus to developing diagnostics and vaccines, women scientists have been at the forefront.
Yet, the pandemic has also exacerbated existing challenges for women in science, particularly for those in the early stages of their careers. The crisis widened gender disparities within the scientific community and exposed structural inequalities in the healthcare system. Addressing these issues requires new policies, support systems, and initiatives designed to empower women and girls in science.
Promoting Women and Girls in Science: The Way Forward
Encouraging women and girls to pursue careers in science and technology is vital for fostering innovation and sustainable development. Key strategies to close the gender gap include:
- Expanding access to quality education and STEM training for girls at all levels.
- Establishing mentorship programs that connect young women with experienced female scientists.
- Creating inclusive work environments that support gender equality in research and academia.
- Implementing policies to address gender bias and discrimination in scientific fields.
- Raising the visibility of women scientists through awards, media coverage, and public recognition.
Global Initiatives Supporting Women in Science
Numerous organizations are dedicated to empowering women in STEM. For example, UNESCO’s Women in Science initiative advances gender equality through policy guidance, capacity-building, and advocacy. Similarly, UN Women champions gender-responsive policies and programs to boost women’s participation in science and technology.
Celebrating Women in Science
The International Day of Women and Girls in Science is marked by conferences, workshops, and educational activities around the world. These events raise awareness of the challenges women face in science, celebrate the achievements of women scientists, and inspire the next generation of girls to pursue careers in STEM.
Why Gender Equality in Science Matters
Achieving gender equality in science is not only a matter of fairness—it is essential for scientific progress. Diverse research teams bring a range of perspectives, leading to more innovative solutions to global challenges. When women and girls are empowered in science, entire communities benefit through improved health, education, and economic development.
Key Statistics on Women and Girls in Science
- Less than 30% of the world’s researchers are women.
- Only about 30% of female students enroll in STEM-related fields at the higher education level.
- Women’s enrollment is especially low in ICT (3%), natural sciences, mathematics, and statistics (5%), and engineering, manufacturing, and construction (8%).
Challenges Faced by Women in Science
Women in science encounter several barriers, including:
- Stereotypes and social biases that discourage girls from studying STEM subjects.
- A lack of role models and mentors in scientific careers.
- Gender discrimination and unequal pay in scientific professions.
- Work-life balance challenges, particularly related to family responsibilities.
- Limited access to research funding and leadership positions.
How to Support Women and Girls in Science
Individuals, organizations, and governments can take meaningful steps to promote gender equality in science:
- Encourage girls to explore STEM subjects from an early age through hands-on learning and engagement.
- Promote scholarships and grants specifically for women pursuing scientific education and research.
- Foster inclusive workplace cultures that value diversity and provide equal opportunities.
- Raise public awareness of women scientists’ contributions to society.
- Advocate for policies that address systemic gender barriers in scientific fields.
Conclusion
The International Day of Women and Girls in Science is a powerful reminder of the importance of gender equality in science and technology. By recognizing and addressing the challenges faced by women and girls in STEM, we can unlock their full potential and build a more innovative, equitable, and sustainable future for all.
Visual Tribute:
The following images celebrate women and girls making remarkable contributions to science worldwide:
