Orthodox Christmas Day – Celebrating on January 7
Christmas is one of the most significant Christian holidays, commemorating the birth of Jesus Christ. While much of the world celebrates Christmas on December 25, Orthodox Christians observe this sacred day on January 7. This difference stems from variations in calendar systems and religious traditions, making Orthodox Christmas a unique and cherished celebration across the globe.
Historical Background of Orthodox Christmas Day
The primary reason Orthodox Christmas is celebrated on January 7 is the Orthodox Church’s use of the Julian calendar. Introduced by Julius Caesar in 46 BCE, the Julian calendar was the standard in the Western world for centuries. However, its slight inaccuracy in calculating the solar year caused dates to gradually drift relative to the seasons.
In 1582, Pope Gregory XIII introduced the Gregorian calendar, correcting the Julian calendar’s discrepancies by skipping several days and modifying leap year rules. Most Western countries quickly adopted this more accurate calendar, leading to the widespread December 25 Christmas celebration.
Many Eastern Orthodox Churches, however, continued to follow the Julian calendar for religious observances. Due to the current 13-day difference between the Julian and Gregorian calendars, Orthodox Christmas falls on January 7 in the Gregorian system. This adherence preserves ancient traditions and reflects the Orthodox Church’s commitment to its historical liturgical practices.
How Orthodox Christians Celebrate Christmas
Orthodox Christmas celebrations span several days, beginning with Christmas Eve on January 6—a day traditionally devoted to fasting and spiritual preparation. Orthodox Christians focus on prayer, reflection, and abstaining from rich foods to ready themselves for the joyful feast to come.
On the morning of January 7, families gather for the Christmas Liturgy at church. This service is the heart of the holiday, featuring extended prayers, festive hymns, and scripture readings recounting the Nativity—the miraculous birth of Jesus Christ in Bethlehem. The liturgy is both a religious observance and a communal gathering that strengthens faith and unity.
